What is the role of punctal occlusion in dry eye management?

Punctal occlusion is primarily utilized in dry eye management to enhance the retention of tears and moisture in the ocular surface. By blocking the puncta, which are the small openings in the eyelids that drain tears away from the surface of the eye, punctal plugs or other means of occlusion prevent tears from draining too quickly. This retention leads to an overall increase in tear volume on the eye, which can alleviate symptoms of dryness and discomfort associated with dry eye syndrome.

In this context, while additional lubrication and improved comfort are certainly benefits that may arise from increased tear retention, the fundamental mechanism and the primary purpose of punctal occlusion focus specifically on minimizing tear loss. This critical intervention means that the tears stay on the surface longer, thus providing necessary moisture, supporting the tear film, and enhancing overall ocular health.